AP Human Geography - Industrialization- Economic D

1. Which of the following terms refers to the shift from an agricultural-based economy to one based on manufacturing and industrial production?

a) Urbanization

b) Modernization

c) Industrialization

d) Globalization

2. Which of the following factors is NOT considered a measure of a country’s level of economic development?

a) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita

b) Human Development Index (HDI)

c) Gini coefficient

d) Literacy rate

3. The process by which economic activities become concentrated in a few locations or regions is known as:

a) Deindustrialization

b) Spatial inequality

c) Agglomeration

d) Outsourcing

4. Which of the following economic sectors is characterized by the extraction and harvesting of natural resources?

a) Primary sector

b) Secondary sector

c) Tertiary sector

d) Quaternary sector

5. The process of transferring production and manufacturing activities from developed countries to developing countries is known as:

a) Foreign direct investment

b) Import substitution

c) Deindustrialization

d) Offshoring

6. Which of the following terms refers to the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a given year?

a) Gross National Product (GNP)

b) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

c) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

d) Balance of Trade

7. A country that relies heavily on the export of a single commodity, such as oil or minerals, is vulnerable to fluctuations in global market prices and is said to have:

a) Import substitution

b) Economic diversification

c) Resource curse

d) Structural adjustment

8. The process of using technological innovation to improve industrial production and efficiency is known as:

a) Sustainable development

b) Fordism

c) Just-in-time production

d) Technological change

9. Which of the following economic theories suggests that a country should specialize in producing goods and services for which it has a comparative advantage?

a) Dependency theory

b) World systems theory

c) Comparative advantage theory

d) Rostow’s stages of growth

10. The process of shifting economic activities from heavy industry and manufacturing to service-based industries is known as:

a) Deindustrialization

b) Import substitution

c) Post-industrialization

d) Structural adjustment